Oldest Link to Jesus - in the news

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Monday, Oct. 21, 2002
Scholar Touts Oldest Link to Jesus
 
from:
http://my.netscape.com/corewidgets/news/story.psp?cat=51280&id=200210211742000129040

WASHINGTON (AP) - A burial box that was recently discovered in Israel and
dates to the first century could be the oldest archaeological link to Jesus
Christ, according to a French scholar whose findings were published Monday.

An inscription in the Aramaic language - ``James, son of Joseph, brother of
Jesus'' - appears on an empty ossuary, a limestone burial box for bones.

Andre Lemaire said it's ``very probable'' the writing refers to Jesus of
Nazareth. He dates the ossuary to A.D. 63, just three decades after the
crucifixion.

Lemaire, a specialist in ancient inscriptions at France's Practical School
of Higher Studies, published his findings in the November/December issue of
Biblical Archaeology Review.

The Rev. Joseph Fitzmyer, a Bible professor at Catholic University who
studied photos of the box, agrees with Lemaire that the writing style ``fits
perfectly'' with other first century examples. The joint appearance of these
three famous names is ``striking,'' he said.

``But the big problem is, you have to show me the Jesus in this text is
Jesus of Nazareth, and nobody can show that,'' Fitzmyer said.

Lemaire writes that the distinct writing style, and the fact that Jews
practiced ossuary burials only between 20 B.C. and A.D. 70, puts the
inscription squarely in the time of Jesus and James, who led the early
church in Jerusalem.

All three names were commonplace, but Lemaire estimates only 20 Jameses in
Jerusalem during that era would have had a father named Joseph and a brother
named Jesus.

Moreover, naming the brother as well as the father on an ossuary was ``very
unusual,'' Lemaire wrote. There's only one other known example in Aramaic.
Thus, this particular Jesus must have had some unusual role or fame - and
Jesus of Nazareth certainly qualified, Lemaire concluded.

However, Kyle McCarter, a Johns Hopkins University archaeologist, said it's
possible the brother was named because he conducted the burial or owned the
tomb.

The archaeology magazine said two Israeli government scientists conducted a
detailed microscopic examination of the surface and the inscription,
reporting last month that nothing undercuts first century authenticity.

Lemaire's claim was attacked by Robert Eisenman of California State
University, Long Beach, who unlike most scholars thinks that ``Jesus'
existence is a very shaky thing.'' Since Eisenman is highly skeptical about
New Testament history, he considers the new discovery ``just too pat. It's
just too perfect.''

Virtually all that is known about Jesus comes from the New Testament. No
physical artifact from the first century related to him has been discovered
and verified.

James is depicted as Jesus' brother in the Gospels and head of the Jerusalem
church in the Book of Acts and Paul's epistles.

The first century Jewish historian Josephus recorded that ``the brother of
Jesus the so-called Christ, James by name,'' was stoned to death as a Jewish
heretic in A.D. 62. If his bones were placed in an ossuary the inscription
would have occurred the following year, around A.D. 63.

Until now, the oldest surviving artifact that mentions Jesus is a fragment
of chapter 18 in John's Gospel from a manuscript dated around A.D. 125. It
was discovered in Egypt in 1920.

There are numerous surviving manuscripts of New Testament portions from
later in that century. Jesus was mentioned by three pagan authors in Rome in
the early second century and by Josephus in the late first century.

The ossuary's owner required Lemaire to shield his identity, so the box's
location was not revealed. Nor is anything known about its history over the
past 19 centuries, one reason for McCarter's caution.

Biblical Archaeology Review editor Hershel Shanks said skepticism is to be
expected. ``Something so startling, so earth-shattering, raises questions
about its authenticity,'' he said.

Shanks said the owner bought the box about 15 years ago from an Arab
antiquities dealer in Jerusalem who said it was unearthed south of the Mount
of Olives. The owner never realized its potential importance until Lemaire
examined it last spring.

Lemaire, who was raised Roman Catholic, said his faith did not affect his
judgment, since he studies inscriptions only ``as a historian - that is,
comparing them critically with other sources.''

The archaeology magazine is negotiating to display the box in Toronto during
a major convention of religion scholars in late November, and possibly in
the United States.

On the Net:

Biblical Archaeology Review: http://www.bib-arch.org

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